ANTIDIABETIC DRUG - CLASSIFICATION,INSULIN,SULFONYLUREA

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 ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG

Diabetes mellitus: Chronic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and altered metabolism of carbohydrate,lipid,and protein.

  • oral antidiabetic drug lowers blood glucose level

CLASSIFICATION:

                              ANTI- DIABETIC DRUG
1) ENHANCE INSULIN SECRETION:
A)POTASSIUM ATP CHANNEL BLOCKER: 
    a1) Sulfonylurea :Gliclazide,Glipizide 
     a2)Phenylalanine analogue : Nateglinide
B) DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE INHIBITOR

2) OVERCOME INSULIN RESISTANCE:
a)Biguanide :Metformin
b)Thiazolidinedione: Pioglitazone 

3) MISCELLANEOUS DRUG:
a) Alpha glucosidase inhibitor :Acarbose,Voglibose
b) Amylin analogue : Pramlintide
c) Dopamine agonist :Bromocriptine 


INSULIN 

Its used in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Pharmacological action:

1) CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:
  • Reduces blood glucose level
  • promote glycogenesis in muscle
2) PROTEIN METABOLISM :
  •  Promote protein synthesis
  • inhibit protein breakdown
3) DECREASE URA OUTPUT FROM LIVER
4) FAT METABOLISM:
  • Promote free fatty acid synthesis

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

  1. HYPOGLYCEMIA: Sweating,anxiety
  2. LOCAL REACTION: Swelling
  3. ALLERGY: Urticaria
  4. Headache
  5. Diarrhea

 NEWER INSULIN:

  • Developed insulin
  •  characteristic features:make treatment flexible,safer,fast acting,absorbed faster and Increased stability 
  • Types of new insulin : 
  1. RAPIDLY ACTING INSULIN
  2. SHORT ACTING
  3. INTERMEDIATE
  4. LONG ACTING 
1) RAPIDLY ACTING INSULIN:
  • They lower risk of postprandial hypoglycemia
  • They are taken just before meal
2) SHORT ACTING:
  • Short acting,less soluble
  • subcutaneously slow absorbed 
3) INTERMEDIATE :
  • Subcutaneously dissociate slowly,taken once or twice daily 
  • solution appear cloudy
4) LONG ACTING:
  • Prolonged duration of action
  • should be avoided in pregnant ladies 

Sulphonylureas

  • They lower blood sugar level in diabetic and non-insulin dependent diabetic individual.
CLASSIFICATION:

  • 1ST GENERATION :Tolbutamide
  • 2ND GENERATION : Glipimide,Glicazide

MECHANISM OF ACTION:

  1. Sulphonylurea bind to specific receptor present on beta cell of islet of langerhan
  2. Block ATP sensitive potassium channel
  3. Depolarisation and influx of calcium ion occur in beta cell
  4. Release of insulin from beta cell.

PHARMACOKINETICS:

1) ABSORPTION : Gastrointestinal tract
2)METABOLISED : Liver
3)EXCRETION: Urine 

USES :

  • Treatment of maturity onset diabetes
  • Insulin Resistant
  • Diabetes Insipidus

ADVERSE EFFECT:

Increase body weight 

AIM OF THIS POST: 
Today through this post we have covered the classification of antidiabetic drug ,insulin: pharmacological action,adverse effect,types, and sulphonylureas: classification,mechanism of action,pharmacokinetics ,uses and finally about adverse effect.
If you haven't seen previous post on  corticosteroid do check it out and let me know your comments and for any  product endorsement contact stencildent@gmail.com.
                                      THANK YOU  


 


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