Corticosteriod - Classification,Mode of action,Use,Adverse effect

 CORTICOSTEROID: PHARMACOLOGY 

Corticosteroid are hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland.

CLASSIFICATION:

A) GLUCOCORTICOID:

1. Short acting glucocorticoid: CORTISOL,HYDROCORTISONE
2. Intermediate acting glucocorticoid: PREDNISOLONE,METHYLPREDNISOLONE
3. Long acting glucocorticoid: BETAMETHASONE,DEXAMETHASONE

B) MINERALOCORTICOID:

• ALDOSTERONE
• FLUDROCORTISONE

STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS:

• Corticosteroid have cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring 
• They are synthesized in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol under the influence of ACTH.
• Everyday about 10 to 20 mg of hydrocortisone maximum in the early morning and 0.125mg of aldosterone are secreted in response to stress.

 MECHANISM OF ACTION : 

1. Steroid hormone enter inside the cell of target organ
2. Hormone bind to specific receptor inside the cytoplasm
3. Activation of steroid  receptor complex 
4. Steroid receptor complex enter inside the nucleus
5. Complex bind to specific site on double stranded nucleic acid
6. Protein synthesis 

USES :

• Corticosteroid is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma - in acute asthmatics cortisone is given.
• Gout
• Topical glucorticoid give relief in itching,pain in skin.
• In autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Useful in aspiration pneumonia
• To prevent and treat graft rejection

ADVERSE EFFECT:

1. Hyperglycemia
2. Muscular weakness
3. Cushing habitus: abnormal fat distribution
4. Delayed wound healing 
5. Peptic ulcer
6. Growth retardation 

CONTRA-INDICATION:

• PEPTIC ULCER: when patients with peptic ulcer consume corticosteroid it might cause bleeding of ulcer.
• Diabetes mellitus: It might cause precipitation of diabetes
• hypertension
• tuberculosis
• cardiac failure and renal failure
• SUDDEN WITHDRAWAL OF GLUCOCORTICOID: after prolonged therapy it might result in adrenal insufficiency,fever,malaise,and mimic feature of connective tissue disorder.

ANABOLIC STEROID :

• Synthetic androgen
• Enhance protein synthesis and increase muscle mass.
• Example of anabolic steroid: Nandrolone,Oxandrolone
• USES: 

1. CATABOLIC STATE : Following any surgery , trauma and prolonged illness
2. Senile osteoporosis: seen in elderly males respond by formation of new bone tissue
3. promote linear growth in per pubertal boys
4. improve athletic performance athlete take in high dose as it increases muscle mass .
5. Refractory anemia with bone marrow failure

ADVERSE EFFECT:

• Testicular atrophy
• gynaecomastia
• aggressiveness

The use of ANABOLIC STEROID has been banned and medically not recommended.

AIM OF THIS POST: 

First of all the moto of this post is purely educational purposes.

we begin with classification of corticosteroid,mechanism of action ,uses,adverse effect,contraindication and finally since we were been discussing on steroids so just added few words about anabolic steroid .

Hope you all got enlightened about corticosteroids, if this post helped you out do let me know in the comment section below .

                                            THANK YOU