AIDS ORAL AND SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION

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     AIDS ORAL AND SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION


STUDENTS CORNER:
If we have been asked to write in detail about aids then do kickstart the answer by giving a small introduction about AIDS ,ETIOPATHOGENESIS and mention about its oral and systemic manifestation to learn about AIDS etiopathogenesis do click on this link AIDS-MORPHOLOGY,PATHOGENESIS.



ORAL MANIFESTATION :

GROUP 1 (STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV) :

  • Oral candidiasis
  • Hairy leukoplakia
  • Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Kaposi sarcoma

GROUP 2 (LESS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV):

  • Atypical ulcer
  • Salivary gland disease

GROUP 3(Lesion seen in HIV):

  • Diffuse osteomyelitis 
  • Squamous cell carcinoma





SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION:

  • Affects all body organ and system 
  • Antiretroviral treatment blocks and slows progression of disease
  • Pathological lesion can be explained by 4 mechanism :

1)Due to direct viral infection :target the central nervous system and immune system 

2)Due to opportunistic infection it harbors microorganism

3)Due to secondary tumor result in end stage HIV/AIDS

4)Due to drug treatment result in toxic drug effect







1)WASTING SYNDROME:

  • Important manifestation 
  • Involuntary loss of body weight more than 10%
  • Multiple factor :Anorexia
  • Malabsorption
  • Opportunistic infection







2)PERSISTANT GENERALISED LYMPHADENOPATHY:

  • In early asymptomatic stage 
  • Enlarged lymph node
  • HIV infected cell CD4 +TCELL seen in mantle zone
  • Advanced case : progressive depletion of lymphoid cell
  • Opportunistic infection: Histoplasma, toxoplasma





3)GASTROINTESTINAL LESION:

  • Chronic watery/bloody diarrhea
  • Esophageal candidiasis
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Opportunistic infection: Candida, salmonella
  • Advance case : Kaposi sarcoma




4)PULMONARY LESION:

  • Develop in 50-75%cases
  • Major cause of death
  • Adult respiratory distress syndrome





5)Hematological lesion:

  • Anemia
  • Leucopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia :due to bone marrow suppression




6)CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

  • Occur in all cases
  • Important cause of mortality, morbidity
  • Detoriating cognitive symptom




7)GYENACOLOGIC LESION:

  • Carcinoma cervix
  • Moniliasis vaginitus

8)RENAL LESION:

  • Nephropathy
  • Gastrointestinal infection

9)HEPATOBILARY LESION:

  • Co infection with hepatitis B OR C 
  • Steatosis
  • Opportunistic infection :Histoplasma



10)CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

  • Cardiomyopathy

11)OPTHAMIC LESION:

  • HIV Retinopathy

12)MUSCULOSKELETAL LESION:

  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteomyelitis

13)ENDOCRINE 

  • Buffalo bump
  • Hyperglycemia

14) LESION IN CHILDREN:

  • Neuro impairment
  • Cause slow development and growth 




CONCLUSION:

Vanakam ,my dear stencildent family members hope this post would have been useful if this post helped you learn then do mention it in the comment section below as this would motivate me to post more such content .

                                                 THANK YOU 

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