CIPROFLOXACIN- Mechanism of action ,pharmacokinetics,uses,adverse effect

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                        CIPROFLOXACIN

  • Its a first generation fluoroquinolones anti microbial drug
  • Active against gram negative bacilli especially Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria
  • Its highly susceptible to salmonella ,shigella, Enterobacter
  • Rapid bactericidal activity activity by digesting DNA
  • It has low frequency of resistance






MECHANISM OF ACTION:

  • Fluoroquinolone does 2 roles :

  1.  Inhibit topoisomerase in gram positive bacteria ,there by inhibit separation of DNA Strands
  2.  Inhibit DNA Gyrase enzyme in gram negative bacteria ,thereby resealing strands of DNA 

Ultimately both block synthesis of bacterial DNA and produce bactericidal effect.







PHARMACOKINETICS:

  • ABSORPTION: Oral, Intravenous ,topical 
  • DISTRIBUTION: Kidney ,lung ,bile
  • METABOLISED: Liver 
  • EXCRETION: Urine









USE:

  • Anthrax
  • Bacterial diarrhea
  • Chancroid
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Typhoid fever : first choice
  • Tuberculosis: component for chemotherapy
  • Urinary tract infection : upper urinary tract infection









ADVERSE EFFECTS :

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Nausea,vomiting

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :Headache,dizziness,convulsion

SKIN INFECTION :Rashes, urticaria 

DRUG INTERACTION :

  • Ciprofloxacin increase plasma concentration of theophylline ,warfarin 
  • Nsaid cause CNS side effect
  • Antacid reduce absorption of ciprofloxacin 



 





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