MUST KNOW FACTS ABOUT CYTOKINES

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                                    CYTOKINES 

INTRODUCTION:

  • Cells communicate at molecular level by cytokine
  • Paracrine function: released peptide and other molecule
  • Soluble protein

SECRETD BY :

  • Hemopoietic 
  • Non-hemopoietic cells in response to various stimuli

ROLE:

  • Activaton of immune system 






PROPERTIES EXHIBITED:

  • PLEIOTROPHIC:

One cytokine act on different cell type

  • REDUNDANCY:

Similar function by different cytokine

  • Cascade induction:

one cytokine stimulate its target cell to make another cytokine

  • SYNERGY:

Combination cytokine result in combined effect 







CATEGORIES:

  • INTERFERON-involved in antiviral response 
  • INTERLEUKIN-produced by one leucocyte, act on other
  • TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR
  • TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR
  • COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR-support growth of blood cell
  • GROWTH FACTOR
  • Growth factor and other cytokine -CRINOPECTIN
  • Cytokine involved in leukocyte endothelial cell interaction -CHEMOKINE 







INTERLEUKIN:

  • About 35 interleukin been identified 
  • Example : T-Cell secrete -INTERLEUKIN -2 and bind to T-cell (AUTOCRINE SIGNALLING)

also secrete INTERLEUKIN 4 -Bind to B cell - result in B cell differentiation to plasma cell.





TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR:

  • Produced by : Mast cell, Macrophage, T-cell
  • Regulate immune response and inflammation
  • Example: Macrophage release tumor necrosis factor alpha bind to neutrophil result in activation of neutrophils .





INTERFERON:

  • Two types :type 1 :INTERFERON -ALPHA AND INTERFERON BETA
  • TYPE2:INTERFERON GAMMA
  • Increases phagocytosis by macrophage 
  • When virus enter cell (infected) it release interferon -bind to near by uninfected cell to produce -anti-viral proteins
  • Prevents spread of viral infection 



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