Over potassium in blood( Hyperkalemia)check out the most common etiology, clinical features, how to diagnose and treat hyperkalemia?/Learn it easy with stencildent

-

                   HYPERKALEMIA

FAQ(MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION):

  • HYPERKALEMIA also referred to as over potassium in blood .

When do we call it over potassium in blood?

  • When potassium levels are as high above 5.5 milliequivalent/liter  .

Normally where does this potassium gets stored in our blood ?

  • It gets divided into two components :
 a) Intracellular (98%)

b)Extracellular (2%): 

  1. INTRAVASCULAR SPACE :Between blood vessel and lymphatic 
  2. INTERSTITIAL SPACE :Between cell and outside cell.

Internal potassium balance:

 Is maintained by sodium potassium pump ,for every 3 sodium ions out,2 potassium ions enters into be more precise electrochemical radiant maintains the overall internal balance 

       Sets resting membrane potential 

                              👇

Needed for contraction of muscle which includes cardiac muscle,skeletal muscle and smooth muscle .






EXTERNAL POTASSIUM BALANCE :

  • When a Dietary intake of 50-150 milli equivalent/liter ,our kidney the most vital organ plays a crucial role by pushing excess potassium in renal tubule there by enabling excretion of potassium via urine .
  • Other excess potassium passes via gastrointestinal tract thereby gets excreated via faeces,and few through sweat .

ETIOLOGY : 

1)EXTERNAL BALANCE SHIFT :

  • When there is decreased excretion of potassium in kidney it results in increased potassium in blood.

2) INTERNAL BALANCE SHIFT :

  • Potassium moves out of cell 
  • insulin deficiency : type 1 
  • Acidosis 
  • Hyperosmolarity: cell lysis due to severe burns ,tumor lysis 
  • Excersie

CLINICAL FEATURES :

SKELATAL MUSCLE:

  • Weakness 
  • Faccid paralysis 

CARDIAC MUSCLE:

  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Cardiac arrest 




DIAGNOSIS :

  • Increased potassium in blood more than 5.5 milli equivalent per liter 
  • Electrocardiogram :peaked t -wave 
  • Urine analysis 
  • Blood test-blood sugar and blood urea 

TREATMENT :

  • CALCIUM -stabilize myocardial cell membrane 
  • Avoid potassium rich diet ,drug causing hyperkalemia
  • Severe cases - hemodialysis is must as life saving procedure 




CONCLUSION:

HI!VANAAKKAM, hope you all liked the post on hyperkalemia, here is pro tip to remember the etiology better with our legendary cricketer our very own Thala DHONI pneumonic:
C MAHIE where C- CELL LYSIS,M- moves out of cell ,A-ACIDOSIS,H-HYPEROSMALARITY,I-INSULIN DEFICIENCY,E-EXCERCISE .

                                             THANK YOU  

CONTACT DETAILS :

EMAIL : stencildent@gmail.com

Instagram handle : STENCILDENT  

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sterilization technique in microbiology

-
Image
HELLO! DOCTOR VANAKAM, I hope you all are doing good today we will be discussing sterilization various methods of sterilization, about dry heat sterilization and moist heat sterilization along with different methods employed, and what are the materials to be placed in this method in detail about autoclave its principle, working and of course uses. As I have had already informed you all through my previous post on the contribution of Louis Pasteur and Koch postulates if we haven't checked it out yet do check it out using this link   https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/contributions-of-louis-pasteur-and-koch.html  wherein I would explain the importance for the need of the HOUR and always to sterilize things to and from the patients and also get geared up for the next post on SHOCK wherein I would cover the definition, types, classification along with etiology, pathogenesis, flow chart, the complication of septic shock in detail so now without any further ado lets get started. STERILI
Read more

STAGES AND STEPS IN TOOTH PREPARATION

-
Image
                      STAGES AND STEPS IN                                        TOOTH  PREPARATION                 TOOTH PREPARATION INVOLVES 2 STAGES  1) INITIAL TOOTH PREPARATION:    OUTLINE FORM AND INITIAL DEPTH PRIMARY RESISTANCE FORM  PRIMARY RETENTION FORM CONVENIENCE FORM 2) FINAL TOOTH PREPARATION  REMOVAL OF REMAINING CARIES PULP PROTECTION SECONDARY RESISTANCE AND RETENTION FORM FINISHING OF EXTERNAL WALL FINAL PROCEDURE OF CLEANING AND INSPECTING  Each stage and step is explained in detail please refer to above notes . note:please do not  download and share all rights are reserved to stencildent.
Read more

Hypersensitivity microbiology notes

-
Image
                          HYPERSENSITIVITY   hello, doctor vanakam, I hope you all are doing good, as intimated through the last post on anaerobic culture method  https://www.stencildent.com/2020/08/anaerobic-culture-methods-microbiology.html  if u haven't checked it out do read using this link without any further ado lets get started. CONTENTS: 1)Definition 2)Classification 3)type 1 hypersensitivity reaction a)1st exposure b)2nd exposure c)mediators of reaction d)late-phase reaction 4)type 4 hypersensitivity 5)treatment  1)DEFINITION: It refers to a condition in which immune response results in excessive reaction leading to tissue damage, disease, or even death in a sensitised host. 2) CLASSIFICATION: Coomb and gel classification in 1963 into type 1 to 4  Type 1,    type 2, type 3       : They depend on the interaction of antigen with humoral antibodies They are the immediate-type reaction  type 4 : They are mediated by t lymphocyte Delayed-type of hypersensitive reaction 3)TYPE 1
Read more