Over potassium in blood( Hyperkalemia)check out the most common etiology, clinical features, how to diagnose and treat hyperkalemia?/Learn it easy with stencildent

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                   HYPERKALEMIA

FAQ(MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION):

  • HYPERKALEMIA also referred to as over potassium in blood .

When do we call it over potassium in blood?

  • When potassium levels are as high above 5.5 milliequivalent/liter  .

Normally where does this potassium gets stored in our blood ?

  • It gets divided into two components :
 a) Intracellular (98%)

b)Extracellular (2%): 

  1. INTRAVASCULAR SPACE :Between blood vessel and lymphatic 
  2. INTERSTITIAL SPACE :Between cell and outside cell.

Internal potassium balance:

 Is maintained by sodium potassium pump ,for every 3 sodium ions out,2 potassium ions enters into be more precise electrochemical radiant maintains the overall internal balance 

       Sets resting membrane potential 

                              👇

Needed for contraction of muscle which includes cardiac muscle,skeletal muscle and smooth muscle .






EXTERNAL POTASSIUM BALANCE :

  • When a Dietary intake of 50-150 milli equivalent/liter ,our kidney the most vital organ plays a crucial role by pushing excess potassium in renal tubule there by enabling excretion of potassium via urine .
  • Other excess potassium passes via gastrointestinal tract thereby gets excreated via faeces,and few through sweat .

ETIOLOGY : 

1)EXTERNAL BALANCE SHIFT :

  • When there is decreased excretion of potassium in kidney it results in increased potassium in blood.

2) INTERNAL BALANCE SHIFT :

  • Potassium moves out of cell 
  • insulin deficiency : type 1 
  • Acidosis 
  • Hyperosmolarity: cell lysis due to severe burns ,tumor lysis 
  • Excersie

CLINICAL FEATURES :

SKELATAL MUSCLE:

  • Weakness 
  • Faccid paralysis 

CARDIAC MUSCLE:

  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Cardiac arrest 




DIAGNOSIS :

  • Increased potassium in blood more than 5.5 milli equivalent per liter 
  • Electrocardiogram :peaked t -wave 
  • Urine analysis 
  • Blood test-blood sugar and blood urea 

TREATMENT :

  • CALCIUM -stabilize myocardial cell membrane 
  • Avoid potassium rich diet ,drug causing hyperkalemia
  • Severe cases - hemodialysis is must as life saving procedure 




CONCLUSION:

HI!VANAAKKAM, hope you all liked the post on hyperkalemia, here is pro tip to remember the etiology better with our legendary cricketer our very own Thala DHONI pneumonic:
C MAHIE where C- CELL LYSIS,M- moves out of cell ,A-ACIDOSIS,H-HYPEROSMALARITY,I-INSULIN DEFICIENCY,E-EXCERCISE .

                                             THANK YOU  

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