RAYNAUD DISEASE ?/RAYNAUD PHENOMENON?/DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RAYNAUD DISEASE

-

                  RAYNAUD DISEASE 

INTRODUCTION:

Raynaud phenomenon: 

  • Vascular disease characterized by intermittent arteriolar vasospasm of the digits
  • Etiology :Cold temperature /stress
  • Features: Exaggerated vasoconstriction of digital arteries and arterioles
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Cyanosis
  • Hyperemia
  • Symptoms present with characteristic changing of hands from white to blue to red







PRIMARY RAYNAUD PHENOMENON:

  • Also known as RAYMAUD DISEASE
  • Less severe than secondary 
  • Its seen in females
  • Usually bilateral
  • Occur :upper limb and normal peripheral pulses
  • Etiology :abnormal sensitivity to cold that result in upper limb (hand ) arteriolar spasm
  • Symptoms can be precipitated
  • Observed by placing hands in cold water









DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RAYNAUD PHENOMENON AND SECONDARY RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

PRIMARY RAYNAUD PHENOMENON:

  • Also known as Raynaud disease
  • Less severe than secondary 
  • Vasospasm is not associated with ischemic injury or an underlying associated disease
  • Sex:women
  • Age: <30 years
  • Involves all fingers symmetrically excluding thumbs 
  • No structural abnormality in the arterial wall (later in course thickening of intima present)
  • No history of peripheral vascular disease or ischemic injury
  • Anti nuclear antibody titre -normal or low (on indirect immunofluorescence)
  • Nailfold capillaries normal 

SECONDARY RAYNAUD PHENOMENON:

  • Also known as Raynaud syndrome
  • Very severe
  • Associated with underlying disease (systemic sclerosis)
  • Associated with vasospasm and concurrent ischemia 
  • Painful attack
  • Asymmetric involvement of digits
  • Torturous nail fold
  • Digital necrosis












INVESTIGATION:

  • Type is identified by angiogram of palm
  • X-ray of the part of limb affected

TREATMENT :

  • Treat the cause 
  • Avoid precipitating factor
  • Small dose of aspirin (100 mg daily)








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sterilization technique in microbiology

-
Image
HELLO! DOCTOR VANAKAM, I hope you all are doing good today we will be discussing sterilization various methods of sterilization, about dry heat sterilization and moist heat sterilization along with different methods employed, and what are the materials to be placed in this method in detail about autoclave its principle, working and of course uses. As I have had already informed you all through my previous post on the contribution of Louis Pasteur and Koch postulates if we haven't checked it out yet do check it out using this link   https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/contributions-of-louis-pasteur-and-koch.html  wherein I would explain the importance for the need of the HOUR and always to sterilize things to and from the patients and also get geared up for the next post on SHOCK wherein I would cover the definition, types, classification along with etiology, pathogenesis, flow chart, the complication of septic shock in detail so now without any further ado lets get started. STERILI
Read more

STAGES AND STEPS IN TOOTH PREPARATION

-
Image
                      STAGES AND STEPS IN                                        TOOTH  PREPARATION                 TOOTH PREPARATION INVOLVES 2 STAGES  1) INITIAL TOOTH PREPARATION:    OUTLINE FORM AND INITIAL DEPTH PRIMARY RESISTANCE FORM  PRIMARY RETENTION FORM CONVENIENCE FORM 2) FINAL TOOTH PREPARATION  REMOVAL OF REMAINING CARIES PULP PROTECTION SECONDARY RESISTANCE AND RETENTION FORM FINISHING OF EXTERNAL WALL FINAL PROCEDURE OF CLEANING AND INSPECTING  Each stage and step is explained in detail please refer to above notes . note:please do not  download and share all rights are reserved to stencildent.
Read more

Hypersensitivity microbiology notes

-
Image
                          HYPERSENSITIVITY   hello, doctor vanakam, I hope you all are doing good, as intimated through the last post on anaerobic culture method  https://www.stencildent.com/2020/08/anaerobic-culture-methods-microbiology.html  if u haven't checked it out do read using this link without any further ado lets get started. CONTENTS: 1)Definition 2)Classification 3)type 1 hypersensitivity reaction a)1st exposure b)2nd exposure c)mediators of reaction d)late-phase reaction 4)type 4 hypersensitivity 5)treatment  1)DEFINITION: It refers to a condition in which immune response results in excessive reaction leading to tissue damage, disease, or even death in a sensitised host. 2) CLASSIFICATION: Coomb and gel classification in 1963 into type 1 to 4  Type 1,    type 2, type 3       : They depend on the interaction of antigen with humoral antibodies They are the immediate-type reaction  type 4 : They are mediated by t lymphocyte Delayed-type of hypersensitive reaction 3)TYPE 1
Read more