Why and how biopsy is performed /types of biopsy/trucut biopsy

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                                    BIOPSY 

  • Biopsy is the removal of tissue from the living organism for the purpose of microscopic examination and diagnosis .

Lets first split the word biopsy into 2 halves ,first half BIO- means life/tissue ,second half OPSY -Vision /microscopy.

STUDENT CORNER :

First lets us understand how to attempt this question better to score maximum marks possible ,so in order to achieve that we need to present our answer also in that order ,draw the table of contents as such below starting with a small introduction to what biopsy is  all about followed by enlisting all the types of biopsy ,highlight all methods available to perform biopsy following which do mention any 2 methods in detail ,for example here I have mentioned about FNAC and TRUCUT biopsy you could also do the same or mention about any other 2 methods  .

Coming back to our topic let us now discuss various types of biopsy :

TYPES:

  1. INCISION BIOPSY
  2. EXCISION BIOPSY
  3. FNAC
  4. TRUCUT
  5. PUNCH BIOPSY 
  6. PAP SMEAR
  7. FROZEN SECTION BIOPSY 
  8. LAPAROSCOPIC BIOPSY
  9. ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY
  10. THORACOSCOPC BIOPSY
  11. CT GUIDED 
  12. PROTOSCOPIC
  13. OPEN BIOPSY either LAPAROTOMY/CRANIOTOMY/THORACOTOMY using dandys brain cannula.





METHODS:

  • Surgical excision by scapel 
  • Using cautery -surgical removal
  • laser
  • Removal of biopsy forceps
  • Aspiration through large bore needle
  • Exfoliative cytology technique 

INCISION BIOPSY :

  • It is done from edge of lesion like ulcer 

REMEMBER: 

  • Biopsy not taken from center ,as there will be central necrosis .

kindly note this type of mcq was asked in recent NEET  MDS examination 2024 .

EXCISION BIOPSY:

  • Small lesion which are clinically benign excision can be done 
  • Its both diagnostic as well as curative 







FNAC :

Fine needle aspiration cytology 

  • Cytological study of tumor cell to find out disease 
  • To confirm whether malignant or not 

PROCEDURE:

  • 23-24 Gauge needle and specialized syringe is taken aspiration is done to create negative pressure ,content is collected and smeared in slide "DRY SLIDE "with 100% methanol.
  • Ultrasound guided or ct guided FNAC are popular at present 

FNAC is done in lesion : 

  • Parotid
  • Thyroid
  • Lymph node
  • Breast 
Follicular type of carcinoma of thyroid is not useful as angioinvasion and capsular invasion cannot be detected .

In lymph node to rule out secondary's and tuberculosis its useful

CONTRAINDICATION:

  • Testicular tumor as tough tunica albuginea prevents spread of tumor ,once FNAC IS DONE spread can occur .

ADVANTAGES:

  • Least invasive
  • Safe
  • No anesthetic is required
  • Very sensitive
  • Done in out patient basis
  • Tumor dissemination through the track is not there .

DISAVANTAGE :

  • Negative result cannot rule out malignancy



TRUCUT BIOPSY :

TRUCUT biopsy needle consist of :

  • Inner solid needle
  • Obturator 
  • Outer hollow needle
  • Cannula

Obturator has pointed end for tissue penetration behind this a notch for biopsy specimen

Cannula has a cutting sheath ,outer cannula -14/18 size gauge 

TECHNIQUE:

  • Push ,slide and withdraw
  • Mainly used in breast lump

ADVANTAGE :

  • SAFE
  • Tissue architecture revealed 
  • Tumor receptor status can be assessed
  • It also used for organs under image guidance like liver and prostate.






CONCLUSION:

VANAKKAM!,my dear stencildent family members, just wanted to share my thoughts regarding  my blog ,I was very inconsistent in blogging but yaah,somehow managed to pull back the Triger to start posting regularly now, as expected due to lack of post for past few months I have lost many of my valuable stencildent family members past 2 to 3 blogs that was  posted recently aren't doing well hardly 10 views per post which slightly demotivates me but somehow I gathered pieces of energy to post today ,do kindly share your valuable comments regarding our post as well as my blog in general as I guess that would greatly motivate me to post regularly .

With love ,

DR.AKARNA.R

CONTACT DETAILS:

EMAIL: stencildent@gmail.com

Instagram: stencildent

                                               THANK YOU  

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