METRONIDAZOLE - ANTI AMEOBIC DRUG /PHARMACOLOGY NOTES

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                      METRONIDAZOLE

INTRODUCTION:

  • Antiameobic drug useful in infection caused by protozoa Entamoeba histolytica
  • Its a tissue amoebicidal used for both extraintestinal and intra intestinal amoebiasis
  • Metronidazole belongs to class nitroimidazole which is the first line drug for all forms of amoebiasis
  • They are active against other protozoa ( TRICHONOMAS VAGINALIS, GIARDIA LAMBIA AND ANEROBIC INFECTION)










MECHANISM OF ACTION:

  • Metronidazole as a pro drug enter in the organism
  •  Nitro group present in the drug accept electron from ferredoxin 
  • Nitro group converted to highly reactive nitro radical
  • Highly reactive nitro radical damage microbial DNA 
  • Leads to death of organism produce cidal effects









PHARMACOKINETICS:


  • ABSORPTION: Orally ,Intravenous, Topical 
  • DISTRIBUTION: Diffuse into tissue
  • METABOLISM: liver
  • EXCRETION: Urine 





ADVERSE EFFECT :

  • GASTROINTESTINAL :Nausea,vomiting ,abdominal cramps
  • ALLERGIC REACTION: skin rashes -urticaria ,flushing 
  • CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : ataxia,dizziness,confusion
  • DISULFRAM LIKE REACTION: metronidazole taken with alcohol 








CONTRAINDICATION:



  • NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE
  • FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGANANCY
  • CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM 






USES 


  • In treatment of alveolar abscess ,pericoronitis ,periodontitis
  • Drug of choice for ANUG:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 
  • Combined with either penicillin ,amoxicillin ,erythromycin ,tetracycline.
  • Amoebiasis: first line drug 
  • Trichomonas vaginitis;giardiasis 







 Note : kindly consider these  notes as study material only ,do  not practice self medication always consult a physician before consuming them .





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