Patient and film positioning errors along with correction strategies - Faulty radiograph part 1

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             FAULTY RADIOGRAPH

ARTIFACT :Unwanted density on the radiograpgh that interfere diagnosis.

I)PATIENT AND FILM POSITIONING ERROR:

FORESHORTENING:

Reasons : increased vertical angulation 
correction: angulation maintained to the teeth

ELONGATION:
reasons:decreased verical angulation
correction:angulation to be maintained to respect to teeth



CORONAL END CUT:
reasons: film not placed sufficient coronally 
correction:proper placement of film coronally


APICAL END CUT:
reasons:film not placed sufficient apically
correction:proper placement of film apically








CONE CUT:
reasons:improper placement of film,improper tube head position 
correction:proper placement of film ,tube head 

OVERLAPPING:
reasons:improper horizontal angulation of tube head 
correction:proper anugulation horizontal :0








WRONG SIDE IDENTIFICATION DOT/DOT ARTEFACT:
reason:wrong placement of film 
correction:dot to be placed towards occlusal surface 

FOREIGN BODY :
reason:exposure of film with nose ring/ear ring
correction:remove all ornaments before exposure


HERRING BONE PATTERN /TIRE TRACK APPERANCE :
reason:lead foil placed toward cone (x-ray tube)
correction:lead foil side should be placed away from cone 








PHALANGIOMA:
reason:use of finger for sterilization of ilm 
correction:use film holder

BLURRED IMAGE:
reason:movement of film ,patient ,tube head during exposure 
correction:use of film holder
do ask patient to not move 
proper stabilisation of tube head before exposure



DOUBLE IMAGE:
reason:twice exposure of film 
correction:pace exposed filmin separate box 





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