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                          HYPERSENSITIVITY   hello, doctor vanakam, I hope you all are doing good, as intimated through the last post on anaerobic culture method  https://www.stencildent.com/2020/08/anaerobic-culture-methods-microbiology.html  if u haven't checked it out do read using this link without any further ado lets get started. CONTENTS: 1)Definition 2)Classification 3)type 1 hypersensitivity reaction a)1st exposure b)2nd exposure c)mediators of reaction d)late-phase reaction 4)type 4 hypersensitivity 5)treatment  1)DEFINITION: It refers to a condition in which immune response results in excessive reaction leading to tissue damage, disease, or even death in a sensitised host. 2) CLASSIFICATION: Coomb and gel classification in 1963 into type 1 to 4  Type 1,    type 2, type 3       : They depend on the interaction of antigen with humoral antibodies They are the immediate-type reaction  type 4 : They are mediated by t lymphocyte Delayed-type of hypersensitive reaction 3)TYPE 1

          ANAEROBIC CULTURE METHOD  Hello, doctor vanakam,  The topic of discussion for today is anaerobic culture methods as informed in the previous post on the healing of tissues  https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/healing-of-tissue-repairprocess.html  if you haven't checked the previous post do check it out using this link without any further ado lets get started.  CONTENT :  1) INTRODUCTION  2)CLASSIFICATION OF ANAEROBE  3)METHODS TO ACHIEVE ANAEROBIOSIS 1) INTRODUCTION : Anaerobic bacteria have grown only in the absence of oxygen These conditions are called as anaerobiosis Anaerobic media are used for cultivation of anaerobic bacteria Types of anaerobes: Obligate, eg: Clostridium tetani, Aero-tolerant, eg: clostridium histolyticum Facultative  2) CLASSIFICATION OF ANEROBE:                                                             ANAEROBIC BACTERIA  BACILLI                                                                                                  COCCI GRAM POSITI

                            HEALING OF TISSUE  Hello, doctor vanakam, The topic of discussion for today is the healing of tissues as I had informed earlier on the previous post on shock- pathology https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/shock-pathology-notes.html  here is the link for the previous post do check it out if you haven't seen it yet. without any further ado, let's get started. CONTENTS: 1) INTRODUCTION TO HEALING 2)DEFINITION OF REPAIR AND ITS PROCESS 3) PHASE OF GRANULATION TISSUE FORMATION 4)HEALING BY THE FIRST INTENTION 5) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND INTENTION 6)COMPLICATION OF WOUND HEALING  1) INTRODUCTION: Healing is the body's response to injury in order to restore normal structure and function. It involves 2 processes: REGENERATION: Healing by a proliferation of parenchymal cells that results in complete restoration of the original tissue. 2) DEFINITION OF REPAIR : Healing by the proliferation of connective tissue that results in fibrosis and sca

                               SHOCK  HELLO! DOCTOR VANAKAM,  The topic of discussion for today is SHOCK as I had already mentioned it in my previous post on sterilization techniques in microbiology if u haven't read it so far check it out using this link  https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/sterilization-technique-in-microbiology.html  without any further ado lets get started. CONTENTS: 1) Definition 2) Classification 3)Hypovolaemic shock- pathogenesis 4)Septic shock 5)Etiology and pathogenesis of circulatory shock 6) Complication  1) DEFINITION : It's a life-threatening clinical syndrome of cardiovascular collapse characterized by acute reduction of effective circulating blood volume, inadequate perfusion of cells and tissue. 2) CLASSIFICATION : Shock is classified into hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, septic, other shocks which include traumatic and neurogenic 3) HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK: Cause:  inadequate circulatory blood volume  The factor causing: loss of red cell mass, plasma, he

HELLO! DOCTOR VANAKAM, I hope you all are doing good today we will be discussing sterilization various methods of sterilization, about dry heat sterilization and moist heat sterilization along with different methods employed, and what are the materials to be placed in this method in detail about autoclave its principle, working and of course uses. As I have had already informed you all through my previous post on the contribution of Louis Pasteur and Koch postulates if we haven't checked it out yet do check it out using this link   https://www.stencildent.com/2020/07/contributions-of-louis-pasteur-and-koch.html  wherein I would explain the importance for the need of the HOUR and always to sterilize things to and from the patients and also get geared up for the next post on SHOCK wherein I would cover the definition, types, classification along with etiology, pathogenesis, flow chart, the complication of septic shock in detail so now without any further ado lets get started. STERILI

Hello Doctor Vanakkam, I hope you all are doing good today let us discuss the contribution of Louis Pasteur in microbiology and Robert Koch postulates both of these questions can definitely be asked in your respected university exam as  2 marks if u have in the exam pattern or even as viva question .apart from  exam point of view this is very interesting and fascinating to know contribution by a legend who  had created a tremendous change to your society , just imagine if the term vaccine was not been coined by sir Louis Pasteur the world's population would have reduced and hardly few people alone might be disease-free all others would have suffered from any ailment throughout  our lives, not only did Louis Pasteur coined vaccine and vaccine for the deadliest disease such as anthrax which is caused by spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis in which we get infected through contact with an infected animal, cholera is  infectious disease which results in severe watery diarrhoea whi

HELLO DOCTOR VANAKKAM, Warm welcome to stencildent family  Contents: v  Introduction to casting procedure v  Sprue v  Specification of sprue v  Methods to prevent v  Function of sprue v  HAND WRITTEN NOTES Introduction : v Casting procedure steps: 1) Tooth preparation 2) Impression 3) Die preparation 4) Wax pattern 5) Sprue former 6) Casting ring liner 7) Investing 8) Wax elimination and burnout 9) Casting 10)Quenching 11)Sandblasting 12)Finishing and polishing   SPRUE ·        It’s a channel created in the investment through which molten alloy enter the mould space which is created due to burnout of wax pattern. ·        Sprue former are material used to form sprue ·        They are made up of wax, metal,resin. SPECIFICATION OF SPRUE: 1)    SPRUE DIAMETER: Ø Same a size as thickest area of wax pattern Ø If large cause distortion Ø Small : suck back porosity 2)    Sprue position : Ø At greatest bulk in pattern